European experts disapprove the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in toys
Chalk, powder paint, molding kits: SCHEER evaluates the safety of toys containing titanium dioxide.
The European Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) has issued an opinion evaluating the safety of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in toys. This opinion was requested in the light of TiO2’s classification as a category 2 carcinogen after inhalation. This opinion arrives at the following conclusions:
- Regarding inhalation exposure : in the case of potential presence of an ultrafine (i.e. nanometric) fraction, safe use of TiO₂ is NOT assured for molding kits, chalk and powder paints ; only white colored crayons can be used without risk or with negligible risk by children, even in the presence of an ultrafine fraction in the TiO₂ preparation.
- Concerning oral exposure, safe use is indicated only when the absence of an ultrafine fraction in TiO2 pigments can be demonstrated through an appropriate methodology.
SCHEER highlights that the results of in vitro studies show an increased risk from TiO₂ at the nano scale1Cf.page 9 : “It can be observed that in studies on TiO2 in nanosize, the results (mainly in vitro studies) show higher probability of positive response than in studies on microsize or with sizes slightly above 100 nm. It is possible that a probability of a genotoxic effect diminishes as the size of TiO2 increases, and the observed positive effects can depend on the presence of a nanofraction.”. It emphasizes that it is the responsibility of manufacturers to systematically demonstrate the absence of any ultrafine fraction or negligible ultrafine fraction in TiO2 pigment preparations.
The committee concludes by recommending further research to assess the safety of pigment TiO2 in toys, particularly by conducting studies on genotoxicity, particle size distribution, and TiO2 release from toys and materials.
Other news on the subject
The next nano meetings
- E-learning program: awareness-raising for personnel who come into contact with nanomaterials during research, formulation, production, maintenance, cleaning, upkeep, etc., as well as safety coordinators or engineers, facility managers, heads of laboratories where nanoparticles are handled.
- Organizers: INSTN Grenoble (CEA)
- On the program:
- 1 – Introduction, definition and characteristics of nanomaterials
- 2 – Toxicity of nanomaterials: the state of knowledge
- 3 – Metrology and characterization of nanomaterials
- 4 – Prevention and protection against nanomaterials in the workplace
- 5 – Quiz: assessment of learning outcomes
- The 2-hour course can be viewed for one month from the date of registration.
- Website: https://instn.cea.fr/…risques-lies-aux-nanomateriaux…
- 5th Joint Symposium on Nanotechnology
- Organizers: the Fraunhofer Nanotechnology Network, with the support of the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)
- Date: May 13-14, 2025
- Topics:
- the application of nanotechnology in various sectors, including digitalization, 2D/3D printing, carbon-based materials and battery materials
- nano on various regulations (REACh, food contact materials, cosmetics, bioagents, PPPs)
- adaptation and development of OECD Test Guidelines for nano and advanced materials (Malta Initiative)
- review on nano-specific NAMs (new approach methodologies)
- when you’re nano and you know it: dealing with uncertainty regarding the nanomaterial definition in regulatory frameworks
- …
- Website: www.isc.fraunhofer.de/…2025/5th-symposium-nanotechnology.html
- 4-day training :
- the different routes by which toxic substances can enter the body
- the importance of toxicokinetics in preventing the toxicity of substances,
- the absorption, distribution, metabolisation and elimination of xenobiotics
- the toxicity of nanoparticles
- Organizer : Association Toxicologie Chimie (ATC)
- From May, 19 to May, 22
- Speakers :
- Frédéric Gaidou (Chemical engineer specialising in Toxicology, ERAMET Group, Paris, President ATC Paris)
- Sarah Dognin dit Cruissat (Doctor of Pharmacy, nutritionist, toxicochemist, CALMEVA, Lyon)
- Jean-Dominique Puyt (Veterinary Doctor, Honorary Professor at the École Vétérinaire, Nantes)
- Isabelle Malissin (Doctor, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris)
- Nicole Proust (Research Engineer, Honorary Director of Research at the CNRS, Specialist in Nanotechnologies, Arsenic, Electromagnetic Waves, Palaiseau)
- Marie-Chantal Canivenc-Lavier ((Nutri-toxicologist, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation INRA-Dijon)
- Claude Lesné (Doctor, Honorary Senior Research Engineer at the CNRS)
- Nicole Proust (Ingénieure Recherche, Directeur de recherche honoraire du CNRS, Spécialiste Nanotechnologies, Arsenic, Ondes électromagnétiques, Palaiseau)
- Website : https://www.atctoxicologie.fr/notre-formation.html
Notes and references
- 1Cf.page 9 : “It can be observed that in studies on TiO2 in nanosize, the results (mainly in vitro studies) show higher probability of positive response than in studies on microsize or with sizes slightly above 100 nm. It is possible that a probability of a genotoxic effect diminishes as the size of TiO2 increases, and the observed positive effects can depend on the presence of a nanofraction.”